Train types/compositions

[E69]

For short distance (less than 8 hour usually) trips some cars are built with open interior in other countries too.

why all the cars had beds, even in day-trains.

Just because cars are universal, they had no special cars for the day-trains. Today, there are some, but somewhere sleeping cars are still un use in day-trains

Some words about classes of sleeping cars.
"3 class" (in Russia don't use the numbers of classes, but may be it is easier to explain).


Compartments aren't closed, there are 6 beds in each.
There're 2 ways of usage of such wagons: first, one man could sleep on each bed, to travel for a long distance.
The second way is to rise up the upper beds, and 3 men could seat on the each of three bottom beds (9 in the each compartment), this is used in day-trains.

"2 class" cars have closed compartments with 4 beds.


Wagons of this class are usually named "kupeiny"

"1 class" are almost similar to 2 class cars, but there no top beds in compartments, so only 2 men are travelling in each one.



(pictures from http://tvz.ru )